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Orthopaedics is a specialised branch of medicine that deals with the health of bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments. They can help you treat various forms of muscle and bone related injuries. Such injuries are common and could occur due reasons like trauma, accidents, fall etc. There are many orthopaedic doctors out there, but you need to choose the one that’s is the most competent in this filed. So to make things easy for you, we have compiled a list of best orthopedic doctor Mumbai list that you may want to visit the next time you have a fracture. Your Guide to the Best Orthopedic Doctor in Mumbai Orthopedic doctor treating a patient S. NO. NAMEQUALIFICATIONEXPERTISEPLACE1.Dr. Shreedhar ArchikMBBS, M.Sc – OrthoJoint Replacement SurgeonDr. Shreedhar Archik Clinic, 4, Shankar Niwas, Dadasaheb Rege Marg, Shivaji Park, Landmark: Opposite Shiv Sena Bhavan & Behind Bank of Maharashtra, Mumbai2.Dr. Neeraj R BijlaniMS ( Ortho), MBBS, MRCS, CCBST, MSc (Tr & Ortho)Trauma Surgery ( Fracture Surgery), Hand Surgery, Pediatric OrthopedicsDr. Neeraj Bijlani Clinic, 405, Shubham Atlanta, RC Marg, Chembur East, Landmark: Opposite Chembur Police Station and Near Telephone Exchange, Mumbai3.Dr. Kalpen DesaiMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics, MSc – Orthohips and knees replacementsDr. Kalpen Desai’s Sushrut Clinic, Huns Society, Ground Floor, Landmark: Opposite to Dawood Baug Municipal School, Dawood Baug Lane., Mumbai4.Dr. Biswajeet NaiduMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics,Joint ReplacementSuchi Roy Clinic, #204, 2nd Floor, Centre Point, 18th Road, Landmark: Opp. State Bank Of India & Near Ambedkar Garden., Mumbai5.Dr. Biswajeet NaiduMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics, DNB – Orthopedics/Orthopedic Surgeryspine surgery and back issuesSuchi Roy Clinic, #204, 2nd Floor, Centre Point, 18th Road, Landmark: Opp. State Bank Of India & Near Ambedkar Garden., Mumbai6.Dr. Vijay D ShettyMBBS, MS – OrthopaedicsJoint Replacement of knee, hipHill Side Avenue. Hiranandani Gardens, Mumbai7.Dr. Ravi NayakMBBS, M.Ch – OrthopaedicsJoint replacement and sports medicineOsartus – Superspecialty Orthopaedic Clinic, 3, Ground Floor, Suvidha Building, Junction of PK & RRT Road, Landmark: Near Manoranjan & Opposite Ashwini Hospital, Mumbai8.Dr. Satyen MehtaMBBS, MS – Orthopaedicsshoulder, elbow and hand surgeries Spine Specialist Clinic, #303, 3rd Floor, S. V. Road, Khar West, Landmark: Pallatinum Building & Opp Khar Masjid., Mumbai9.Dr. Niranjan R. RathodMBBS, MS-Orthopedics,Joint Replacement SurgeonRathod Orthopaedic Hospital, 204, Vini Elegance, L.T. Road, Landmark: Above Tanishq Jewellers, Mumbai10.Dr. Vikas Madhav AgasheMS Orthopedics, MBBS, Fellowship in ArthroscopyJoint replacement surgeon, arthroscopy, and sports injuryDr. Agashe’s Maternity And Surgical Nursing Home, Vrindavan Building, Sonapur Lane, Off Lbs Marg, Landmark: Opposite To Bazaar Ward Market., Mumbai What all injuries can an orthopaedic surgeons treat? Orthopedic doctor with a patient If injuries to the bone, muscle or any fracture happens, an orthopaedic surgeon or doctor comes to our rescue. Injuries can arise due to road traffic accident, any form of trauma, and even during playing your favourite sport. Some of the general orthopaedic problems that need treatment include: Dislocated joints Injury to ligaments or tendons Nerve compression Osteoporosis Arthritis Knee replacement Muscular atrophy Your doctor will take a full history of all your chief complaints and only then devise a treatment line for you. Usually, fatigue, pain or tiredness are the common symptoms.

Orthopaedics is a specialised branch of medicine that deals with the health of bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments. An orthopaedic doctor or surgeon is the one who is specialised in treating conditions related to the bones and joints that are essential to help us move easily in our everyday lives. Many people are hesitant to approach a surgeon for their problems and as a result delay the treatment and complicate their problems. Many orthopaedic conditions exist these days and it is essential to a approach a good doctor for it. Given below are the best orthopedic doctor Hyderabad list that will prove immensely beneficial to the people residing in this region. Your Guide to the Best Orthopedic Doctor in hyderabad Orthopedic doctor treating a patient S. NO. NAMEQUALIFICATIONEXPERTISEPLACE1.Dr. A. V. Gurava ReddyMBBS, Diploma in Orthopaedics, M.Ch – Orthopaedics, FRCS – Trauma & Orthopedic SurgeryJoint Replacement SurgeonSunshine Hospital: 7-56/19, Survey no 40,45,46, Dargah Road, LIG Chitrapuri Colony, LIG Chitrapuri Colony, Prashant Hills, Rai Durg, Telangana 5000352.Dr. Sunil DachepalliMS ( Ortho), MBBS, MRCS, CCBST, MSc (Tr & Ortho)Orthopedic Joint replacement & Arthroscopic SurgeonAyyappa Central Building, 2nd Floor, Ayyappa Society, Landmark: Opposite YSR Statue & Above Midland Bakery, Hyderabad.3.Dr. Venuthurla Ram Mohan ReddyMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics, MSc – Orthohips and knees replacementsContinental hospitals: Plot Number 3, Road Number 2, IT and Financial District, Nanakramguda, Landmark: Near Hyatt Hyderabad Hotel, Hyderabad4.Dr. M Pradeep ReddyMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics, M.Ch – OrthopaedicsJoint ReplacementHyderabad Multispeciality Hospital: 16-2-674/11, Judges Colony, Landmark: Near Hyderabad Kidney Center, Hyderabad5.Dr. V Surya Prakash RaoMBBS, MS – Orthopaedics, DNB – Orthopedics/Orthopedic Surgeryspine surgery and back issuesSarovar Complex, 5-9-22, Secretariat Rd, Saifabad, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana 5000636.Dr. Mir Jawad Zar KhanMBBS, MS – OrthopaedicsJoint Replacement of knee, hipHuman Touch Hospital: Fort View Colony, Ashok Vihar Colony, PVNR Expressway, Upparpally, Rajendranagar, Landmark: Opposite Pillar 191, Hyderabad7.Dr. Nitish BhanMBBS, M.Ch – Orthopaedicship and knee arthritisContinental hospitals: Plot Number 3, Road Number 2, IT and Financial District, Nanakramguda, Landmark: Near Hyatt Hyderabad Hotel, Hyderabad8.Dr. A Deepthi Nandan ReddyMBBS, MS – Orthopaedicsshoulder, elbow and hand surgeries Continental Hospital: Plot Number 3, Road Number 2, IT and Financial District, Nanakramguda, Landmark: Near Hyatt Hyderabad Hotel, Hyderabad, Telangana.9.Dr. K Sudhir ReddyMBBS, MS-Orthopedics,Joint Replacement SurgeonLandmark Hospitals: 2, Hyder Nagar Main Road, Nizampet Crossroad, Landmark: Near Metro Railway Station & Opposite Vasanth Nagar Arch, Hyderabad10.Dr. Nithin KumarMS Orthopedics, MBBS, Fellowship in ArthroscopyJoint replacement surgeon, arthroscopy, and sports injuryYashoda Hospital: 18, SP Road, Alexander Road, Landmark: Beside Hari Hara Kala Bhavan, Hyderabad Why You Need to consult the Best Orthopedic Doctor in Hyderabad doctor with a patient Many people suffer from bone, muscle, and joint issues like broken bones, fractures, dislocations, tears in tendons, among others. These can arise due to mild to severe accidents and if left untreated, can progress further in the body. Orthopaedic surgeons like the ones mentioned above can diagnose your problems with the help of your symptoms. Some of the general orthopaedic problems that need treatment include: Dislocated joints Injury to ligaments or tendons Nerve compression Osteoporosis Arthritis Knee replacement Muscular atrophy Your doctor will take a full history of all your chief complaints and only then devise a treatment line for you. Usually, fatigue, pain or tiredness are the common symptoms. If you consult the best orthopaedic doctor in Hyderabad, then you will be able to get rid of all your problems. These doctors are highly qualified and rank top in their field and will be able to treat you successfully.

Ayurveda is a traditional science that has been practiced in India since ancient times. Now it is well known and practiced across the globe. Ayurveda is holistic and treats the body, mind, and soul. If there is any sort of imbalance in the body then it can be treated by Ayurveda. There are three doshas in Ayurveda called as fire, air and water. Anyone dosha will be predominant in a person. Any sort of imbalance amongst the three can be balanced out by Ayurveda. But the question arise whether Ayurveda can cure piles or not? If veins around anus or rectum become swollen or red then it gives rise to a condition called piles. Few symptoms include: Excessive itching near to anus Pain, swelling near anus region Bowel movement is painful Bleeding from anus Stool leakage Proper diagnosis for it should be done by your doctor. Other medicines are also recommended for piles, but more serious condition will need an extensive treatment. Read further to know if Ayurveda treats piles. Ayurvedic Treatment For Piles ayurvedic treatment for piles Ayurveda can treat piles in a holistic manner wherein the changes will be made in diet, lifestyle, and daily habits. Your Ayurveda doctor will tell you best about which dosha of yours has to be balanced out. He or she will conduct proper diagnosis and take a detailed history for it. What are the medications you can take in Ayurveda to cure piles Medication, or bhaishajya chikitsa Most often medications suffice in treating piles and no extensive intervention is needed. The type pf dosha that has to be treated will determine which type of medicine your will need. Along with this certain lifestyle modifications will be provided which you should follow as per the instructions by your Ayurveda doctor. Herbal application, or kshara Kshara karma is said to be a good treatment option to treat piles. It basically works on the principle of cauterizing the hemorrhoids. It is an alkaline paste or a piles ointment that acts as cautery. Certain dietary and lifestyle modifications will also be advised which you need to follow properly. But it is advised to a patch test for this medication, and only apply this to your rectum if you are not allergic to it. Surgical intervention, or sastra chikitsa Kshara sutra is a surgical procedure to treat piles in Ayurveda. Blood supply to the veins is cut off. This procedure is invasive and can come to rescue if other treatment options do not seem to work. You might be advised exercise and diet modifications along with the ayurvedic treatment. But like all surgeries there could be some risk involved specially in people who have other medical ailments, infection or are on drugs for other diseases. Go to a licensed doctor and get your treatment done. Cauterization, or agnikarma Cautery helps to control the bleeding. There are some risks involved like there are in every procedure. Talk to your practitioner in detail regarding the side effects and risks involved in it. Does Ayurveda cure piles permanently? piles ayurvedic treatment Kshara is although safe but some potential for risk exists. Various studies are conducted to test the efficacy of such procedures. Kshara Sutra are relatively safe and low cost procedures They can be done quickly You can resume work the next day It is not very painful Maximum benefits can be reaped out if allopathy or western medicine is combined with Ayurveda procedures. Side effects and risks of ayurvedic treatment for piles kshara paste and Kshara Sutra ligation are known to be safe and efficient in curing piles. You should always ask for side effects associated with procedures from your doctor. Side effects of cauterization Tissue damage Pain and bleeding Infections and shock It can be risky if the right procedure for the right patient. So it is essential to choose a good ayurvedic doctor who advises you wisely. Conclusion You should be well aware of any risks involved in every treatment procedure. You should speak to your doctor in depth regarding the benefits and risks of the treatment. Ayurveda has been in practice since ages and it might work for you alone or combined with other western medicines. Choose what suits for you the best.

A clear, yellow fluid that surrounds the growing fetus in the uterus is called an amniotic fluid. It is very essential for the developing fetus and has a key role in overall health of the fetus. But the pertinent question is how much of this fluid should be present inside. Because if it is too les or too more then problems can arise. This fluid is made up of water produced inside the mother of the child. But as the time progresses, the water gets replaced by urine of the fetus. Certain essential nutrients, hormones, antibodies are a part of the amniotic fluid that help in  nourishing the fetus. Amniotic fluid is measured with the help of amniotic fluid index or AFI. How is the amniotic fluid measured? amniotic fluid index An ultrasound by your doctor will help you tell if your amniotic fluid is low or high. A method called maximum vertical pocket is used. In this procedure the assistant will find the deepest pocket filled with amniotic fluid. Two to eight centimeters is normal and below two centimetre is considered as low level. Amniotic fluid index or AFI is also the most common way to gauge the level of amniotic fluid. The AFI is calculated from a deep pocket at various sites on uterus. Sum it up and it will give you the total AFI. 5 to 25 cm is normal AFI. Low AFI is below 5 cm. An ultrasound is done to check your baby’s health. Doctor checks the baby heartbeat and amniotic fluid levels. How to interpret the results from AFI? If amniotic fluid is low it might indicate your child is slow in growing. And if amniotic fluid levels are low at late stages of pregnancy then it could indicate that the placenta has failed. If the amniotic fluid is high then could increase the chance of an early delivery or growth issues. In this case you should go for ultrasounds. You can probably need medications or fluid drainage. Biophysical profile is a similar test that can also be done. How to increase the amniotic fluid levels? all about amniotic fluid index If you are facing low amniotic fluid issues, then listed below are simple steps that can be followed to increase amniotic fluid levels. increase your fluid intake to raise amniotic fluid levels Get an Amnioinfusion from your concerned doctor In this procedure saline or salt and water solution is put through your cervix. Fluid injection via amniocentesis Fluid injected via the abdomen into the amniotic sac. Amniotic fluid helps in maintaining the mobility and heart rate throughout the delivery. your doctor might recommend IV fluids if you are dehydrated you might be put on IV fluids to hydrate you and increase your amniotic fluid. Get some treatment for pre-existing medical issues You should take Bedrest periodic monitoring Get a healthy Diet Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your daily meals. Do some Natural remedies Delivery if there is less amniotic fluid then there can be several complications in delivery. Your baby might face stillbirth or cord compression. Talk to your doctor Amniotic fluid can be low specially during the end stages of your pregnancy. It can negatively impact your child. A warning sign could be less movement of the baby or leaky fluid from the vagina. It is advised to reach out to your concerned doctor in time and take appropriate measures.

Our diet is so poor that adequate intake of nutrients like vitamins and minerals is next to impossible. So it is essential to take vitamin and mineral supplement to balance out the deficiency. The multivitamin tablets available help you achieve that and should be incorporated I your daily routine. Various multivitamin benefits are Beneficial for the heart risk of various heart disease is reduced. Cancer risk is reduced Filled with antioxidants It helps in fighting aging and eliminating free radicals. Vitamin C boosts your immunity Hair and skin are nourished eye related diseases can be cured Best Multivitamins In India multivitamin tablets Wow Omega-3 Fish Oil Strength Health of the heart is improved Joints are nourished Diarrhea can occur if taken in excess Key Features Has pure fish oil and is free from preservatives. 60 capsules come in a single pack. Omega 3 EPA and DHA fatty acids are considered as ‘good’ fats. Fatty acids from foods like cold-water fish are one of the best sources of omega 3. Omega 3 has many health benefits such as heart health, lowers blood pressure and reduces inflammation. Every capsule is packed with omega 3 fatty acid. omega 3 fatty acid or fish oil is known to be good for the heart and joints. The capsule also has docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is a source of nutrition which out normal diet lacks. A to Z multivitamin tablet multivitamin tablet A to Z Tablet Benefits are as follows: Regulates blood pressure and cholesterol, thus maintains heart health. Is a great anti-oxidant and fights the free radicals. Reduces fatigue and increases energy levels in the body Can treat vitamin or mineral deficiency Helps in speedy recovery from illnesses Enhances the overall health and well being Iron absorption is boosted from your body Calcium and phosphorus is absorbed better Can prevent vitamin deficiency facilitates retina formation and is beneficial in eye related disorders great supplement in anaemia specially due to iron or folic acid deficiency Muscleblaze Daily Multivitamin For Women multivitamin tablets in box A very natural multivitamin tablet that you must take no chemical are added energy is enhanced when you take this Hair loss could occur if excess is taken Provides proper amount of calcium, iron, vitamin c which are essential for body’s growth and development. It is one of the best multivitamin which increases energy levels of the body. It makes up for our unhealthy diet and poor lifestyle. Nutrilite Multivitamin And Multimineral Tablets Nutrilite multivitamin tablet Can be used by any sex Stamina is build up and so is energy levels Overall holistic health is improved It is a pure vegetarian product Effectively boosts up the stamina FSSAI has approved these multivitamins. If taken in excess then digestive problems could occur 120 capsules are available packed with healthy vitamins and minerals overall health is improved it promotes anti-aging Healthvit Mulvit A To Z Multivitamins And Minerals Healthvit Mulvit A To Z Multivitamins It is a great combination of vitamins and minerals This multivitamin is very economical and suitable for all age groups Side effects could occur if not consumed as per instructions. Its packed with vitamin c and e which are great for cell growth and rejuvenation. Healthvit also has many other essential vitamins and minerals. A great combination of minerals and vitamins helps in reducing fatigue and weakness in the body. Helps to maintain bone growth and develop brain function. It also is a great immunity booster and keeps the skin youthful. Himalayan Organics Organic Multivitamin With 60+ Certified Organic Extracts. Totally organic products Suitable for one and all improves hair and skin quality Side effects could occur if not consumed as per instructions. Key Features Contains only natural ingredients and is one of the best multivitamins available in India.  It promotes bone and brain growth. Does not contain any preservatives or fillers. Does not include yeast, egg, or gelatin. Energy and immunity are enhanced. Popping a multivitamin would ensure that we intake the essential nutrients that we may skip because of our poor dietary intake.

A to Z tablet is an excellent nutritional supplement loaded with vitamins and minerals. It acts against the free radicals produced in the body and fights infections. The vitamin supplement boosts the immunity and promotes overall wellbeing. These supplemental tablets help you get over fatigue and boosts your performance. Take opinion from your doctor about when to take it. It has only a few minor side effects. A to Z capsule composition consists of the following active ingredients: Vitamins: Vitamin A Vitamin B complex Vitamin E Vitamin C Minerals: Manganese Selenium Zinc Manganese Benefits of various vitamins in A to Z tablet: A to Z tablet Vitamin A maintains eyesight, healthy bones, immunity improves Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) helpful in many enzymatic reactions Vitamin B2 and B3 (Riboflavin) helps in boosting metabolism and energy Vitamin B5 (Pantothenate) helps in metabolizing fats, carbohydrates and proteins Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) supports metabolism and nervous system Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) helps in synthesis of red blood cells Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) helps in DNA synthesis Vitamin C (Integratore Vitamina C)helps in fighting immunity Vitamin E helps in maintaining skin quality and fights free radicals Copper helps in iron absorption and enhances bone health Manganese is required for proper brain and enzymatic functions Selenium boosts metabolism and reduces oxidative damage Zinc helps in improving overall energy levels Pine bark extract helps in damaging the harmful free radicals A to Z tablet is capable to provide key nutrients to your body. A to Z Tablet Benefits are as follows: Regulates blood pressure and cholesterol, thus maintains heart health. Is a great anti-oxidant and fights the free radicals. Reduces fatigue and increases energy levels in the body Can treat vitamin or mineral deficiency Helps in speedy recovery from illnesses Enhances the overall health and well being Iron absorption is boosted from your body Calcium and phosphorus is absorbed better Can prevent vitamin deficiency facilitates retina formation and is beneficial in eye related disorders great supplement in anaemia specially due to iron or folic acid deficiency Benefits of A to Z syrup Health of the heart is improved as the cholesterol and blood pressure is regulated Brain or cognitive function is improved Immunity is boosted due to vitamin c Overall energy levels are increased Benefits of A to Z gold tablet A to Z tablet Reduce fatigue and weakness Boosts nervous system Supports brain functions Immunity levels can be improved Helps to overcome fatigue, exhaustion, stress and weakness Supports your nervous system Promotes healthy cardiovascular functions Cognitive ability is improved on its consumption Energy levels are increased Natural antioxidants are increased Heart health is promoted Energy levels are boosted A to Z Tablet Side Effects A to Z tablet side effects Side effects associated with A to Z tablet are rare. If you develop any of symptoms, then contact your physician right away. Some of the side effects are: Allergies Pain in lower back Increased thirst Changes in mood Prickling sensation in skin Constipated How to use it? Precautions you need to follow while taking A to Z tablet. Capsules Take it as told by your doctor. It is often given once or twice in a day. Should be taken with or without food. If you are allergic to any of its components, do not take it. Pregnant women should always ask your doctor if they can take it. If you are taking other medicines then tell your doctor about. Take it at a fixed time and follow a fixed regimen. Take it properly to reap maximum benefits.

A technique where in a unique pattern about an individual can be identified using various techniques is called DNA fingerprinting. It is a method where you can identify, characterize and classify organisms. Most of the DNA is similar in humans but only 0.1% is different which us all so different from each other. But is why only DNA is considered? Why not anything else? DNA remains constant and same throughout and is very stable. Most of the genome is repetitive and only a few percentage is made of genes. The DNA fingerprinting can be used to solve crimes and in paternity dispute cases. The DNA is extracted from the body and then is amplified using Polymerase chain reaction. gel electrophoresis or sequencing can help n fragmenting the DNA. The sequence of those particular regions which are different amongst humans based on the DNA print can be prepared. The various molecular tools are able to create exact patterns of an organisms DNA. Real time PCR and DNA sequencing are very powerful and fast. How DNA fingerprint is created? DNA creation Each individual is genetically unique (except identical twins). Most DNA varies very little between individuals but some of the existing variation may result in genetic disease. However, ‘‘silent’’ parts of chromosomes contain regions of extreme variability that have no effect on the individual; these regions which are scattered along chromosomes are referred to as ‘‘minisatellites’’. Procedures for the detection of these minisatellites allow identification of each individual by DNA fingerprinting. Depending on the DNA probe used, individual-, population-, or species-specific DNA fingerprints may be generated. DNA fingerprints may be revealed using a variety of methods. Some of the methods used for the generation of DNA fingerprints rely on DNA: DNA hybridization either with a microsatellite probe or with a single-locus probe. Such methods involve isolation of the DNA from a sample and cleavage of the DNA with restriction enzymes to generate millions of different fragments which are separated by gel electrophoresis; following treatment to separate the two strands of the double helix in each DNA fragment, Southern blotting is used to transfer the single- stranded DNA from the gel to a membrane without disrupt- ing the pattern in the gel. The membrane is incubated with a radioactive DNA probe — a segment of single-stranded DNA that detects and forms a double helix with any DNA fragments on the membrane containing minisatellites. Steps involved in DNA fingerprinting DNA test Tube Sample collection from blood, saliva, hair Extraction of DNA PCR amplification Agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing Interpreting results 1st step : collection of the sample DNA is extracted from body fluids, hair etc. In cases of crime a buccal swab can be taken. A blood sample is better than a buccal swab and yields better results. 2nd step: DNA extraction First DNA is obtained. If DNA is of good quality and quantity then good results are obtained. DNA can be extracted by Phenol-chloroform DNA extraction method Use DNA extraction kit for DNA fingerprinting. 3rd step : Digestion, amplification or DNA sequencing most commonly used are: PCR based analysis Real-time PCR analysis PCR based analysis: PCR based DNA fingerprinting is the most widely used. It is cheap, most reliable, and fast. Real-time PCR analysis: It counts the number of amplicons, which are repeated. This technique often solves many crimes and is cheap, reliable, and fast. 4th step: analysis of the results obtained By using the southern blotting, and DNA sequencing, DNA profiling results can be obtained in which rt-PCR and sequencing are often used in forensics. 5th step: Interpretation of the results Interpretation of the results is totally automated and the computer interprets the result. DNA fingerprinting uses DNA fingerprinting uses If a persons identity has to be validated then DNA fingerprinting is ideal. When the body is damaged badly like in cases of death or crime, DNA fingerprinting comes in handy. One of the most popular and essential use of DNA fingerprinting is in the field of crime. DNA is collected from the crime scene either from saliva, blood or hair. The criminal’s connection to the crime can be known when DNA patterns are matched. Blood relatives can be identified To know the association between two individuals, whether they are related or not can be done by this technique. It can also be used to know about any inherited disease or any genetic abnormality or disorder.

The rabies virus seems to become inaccessible to immune surveillance once it enters a neuron. Hence, the aim of rabies prophylaxis is to kill or neutralize the virus by chemical or immunological means at the site of inoculation before it enters neurons. No anti rabies virus drug has been developed to date. The rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) thus includes urgent wound care and administration of reliable human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine. A recent study estimated 23,000 cases of potential rabies exposure in the United States per year warranting PEP. The latest Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices or ACIP human rabies PEP guidelines incorporating a 5-dose vaccine schedule were published in 2008. The same year, the ACIP formed a workgroup to review rabies vaccine regimen options in the United States. Ranndomized controlled trials comparing different vaccine schedules have not been conducted because of the severity of the disease. In human studies, rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (surrogate marker for an adequate immune response to vaccination) are detectable by 7 to 10 days after initiation of vaccination and peak by 14 to 28 days, without any additive value of a fifth dose of vaccine administered on day 28.2 The so-called Zagreb regimen of 2-1-1, which uses 4 doses of the vaccine in total, 2 on day 0 on bilateral extremities, and subsequent doses on days 7 and 21, has been used successfully worldwide for many years and is recommended by the World Health Organization for PEP. Besides, epidemiologic surveillance has failed to find any rabies cases among patients in the United States who received appropriate wound care, HRIG, and 4 doses of the vaccine instead of the recommended 5. None of the 27 human rabies cases reported in the United States between 2000 and 2008 had received any PEP before the onset of illness. Since the advent of routine use of rabies PEP incorporating HRIG and cell-culture vaccines, no case of failure of this regimen has been reported in the United States or in Western Europe. There have been very rare reports of failure of seemingly appropriate and prompt human PEP from developing countries, but no such case has ever been attributed to the lack of receipt of the fifth vaccine dose on day 28. Adequate PEP should also lead to sustained immunologic memory. Indications for rabies pep rabies vaccine injection The prevalence of rabies in different animals varies from 25% in a skunk to 15% in a bat, 1% in a cat, and 0.1% in a dog. 12 A panel of experienced public health experts estimated the median risk of rabies transmission after bite exposures by skunk, bat, cat, and dog (where the animal escaped and was not available for testing, and the wound was not washed at the time of injury) at 0.05, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.00001, respectively. Revised rabies pep recommendations for unvaccinated persons rabies vaccination In unvaccinated persons, a bite or nonbite exposure to rabies should be followed by immediate wound care and administration of HRIG as well as vaccine. The PEP regimen remains the same irrespective of the patient’s age and the time interval between exposure and its initiation. The regimen should ideally begin as soon as possible after exposure. The date of the first dose of the vaccine is considered day 0. Subsequent doses should be given 3, 7, and 14 days after the first dose. The vaccine dose is the same irrespective of patient’s age. The vaccine should be administered IM in the deltoid area of the arm to adults and children 2 years or older. Anterolateral aspect of the thigh is recommended for younger children. 4-Dose Vaccine as Post-exposure Prophylaxis not be mixed in the same syringe as the vaccine for IM administration and should not be administered at the same site as the first dose of the vaccine. In case of multiple wounds, HRIG may be diluted 2- to 3-fold in saline to a volume sufficient to infiltrate all wounds effectively PEP recommendations for previously vaccinated persons Human rabies immune globulin is not indicated for this group. Two booster vaccine doses should be administered, on days 0 and 3.9. PEP recommendations for immunosuppressed persons Because of the potential suppression of immune response, a 5-dose vaccine series Von days 0, 3, 7, 14, and Vis recommended. Immunosuppressive medications should be withheld during PEP unless essential. Serum samples should be tested for neutralizing antibody 1 to 2 weeks after completing the vaccine series to ensure an acceptable response. In the absence of this response, assess the need for an additional dose of the vaccine and consult appropriate public health officials for further individualized advice.

When excess of heavy metals get deposited in our body it leads to heavy metal poisoning. Heavy metals enter our body via many factors like environment, factories etc. it even occurs from the food we eat everyday and the air you breathe. Some of these metals are very harmful if present in excess in the body. When copper is deposited in heavy amounts in the body it results in wilson’s disease. But these heavy metals can be eliminated from our body by consuming medications taken as advised by the doctor. These medicines help in getting rid of heavy metals by binding to them. Your hair or blood will depict how much heavy metal is deposited inside the body. Heavy metals include copper, arsenic, lead, iron, zinc, mercury etc. A few natural therapies can be undertaken to remove the heavy metals from the body. Heavy metal poisoning symptoms heavy metal poisoning Toxicity can arise due to long-term exposure to metals. Heavy metal toxicity can lead to several side effects and can further damage to the essential organs. Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium are some of the more common overexposed metals. Symptoms that arise due to heavy metal deposition: headaches abdominal pain and cramping nausea and vomiting diarrhea tiredness breathing difficulty More life threatening and serious symptoms include: Burning and tingling sensations Long term infections visual interferences sleeplessness paralysis There are some good foods and bad foods for treating heavy metal exposure. The foods that we eat impact our body. Heavy metals enter our by via foods that we consume. Research has shown that if you eat some foods you can prevent excess amount of heavy metals. You can consume certain foods which help you rid of these heavy metals. Some good foods can help you detoxify by chucking out heavy metals from your system. Foods can chelate to the metals and eliminate them from the digestive system. Food that help you to heavy metal detox are lot of fibre and vegetables Include lot of fibre in the diet garlic blueberries lemon water spirulina barley grass juice powder curry green tea tomatoes probiotics green leafy vegetables fruits herbal teas cilantro You should also take your daily dose of vitamins and minerals. Vitamin C is known to cause chelation and can help in eliminating iron from the body. Consult your physician before taking any medicines if you are already on some drugs. So what foods are to be avoided in heavy metal poisoning heavy metal poisoning warning If you want the heavy metal detox to work the include plenty of fruits and vegetables. Exclude some foods altogether should be avoided if you want to get rid of the excess of heavy metals. Avoid foods that have very less nutritional content and hamper the whole process of detoxification. These foods are packed and processed with lot of unhealthy fat levels. These fats would eat up the heavy metals that you are wanting to eliminate. Foods to limit or avoid when you are in heavy metal detox diet include: Arsenic content in brown rice is dangerous Mercury content tends to be high in fish stay away from alcohol foods that are nonorganic A number of side effects can arise due to heavy metal poisoning, which if you don’t treat can be life impacting. You should ask your doctor if you can consume foods that help you get rid of heavy metals in the body. Discuss your options with a diet consultant about what foods can be a part of your heavy metal detox diet. Conclusion Serious health conditions can arise if high amounts of heavy metals deposit in your body. But yet there is not much scientific evidence that drugs or chelation or any other form of treatment is very effective or not. Chelation process can be proven to be fatal at times. If you are looking for a heavy metal detox diet, try finding some safer options which might be slow but effective. Try a few foods that chelate with heavy metals and eliminate them out of the body. Take a proper consultation and guidance from an experienced healthcare professional.

A pale- pink rash with a red outline on your arms, legs etc. is called Erythema marginatum. It occurs in ring like form and can be big or long. This rash itself is not a disease, but could indicate few other diseases like: rheumatic fever hereditary angioedema Lyme disease allergic reaction How does Erythema marginatum rash appear? pinkish rash with red borders The rash is pinkish in color with red borders. It is in the shape of a ring, either can be irregular or irregular in shape. It is not very dark and tends to fade out with time. Erythema marginatum rash might stay on the body for few hours, days or even more. There is no pain caused by it and you may not even notice it on people with a dark complexion. Face is not the area on which the rash appears. It would rather occur on cebtre of the body, hands, legs etc. So what really causes this rash? Erythema marginatum rash does not cause any pain The conditions / diseases which lead to Erythema marginatum are listed below: Rheumatic fever Erythema marginatum occurs because of rheumatic fever. Few of the symptoms of rheumatic fever are: fever, pain in joints, damage to the heart, angioedema. Erythema marginatum is perhaps an early on indicator of hereditary angioedema. It is one of the rare diseases and only after puberty its symptoms start to show. As it could indicate that you might get infected with angioedema. Few antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) are known to cause side effects and might lead to the development of a Erythema marginatum rash. Lyme disease can be associated more commonly with erythema migrans. Rarely, erythema marginatum is perhaps one of the symptoms on skin in Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a serious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria through deer ticks. Its symptoms tend to overlap with many other diseases, hence, it is very difficult to diagnose it precisely. Diagnosis of erythema marginatum Erythema marginatum rash diagnosis Although, the rash itself does not cause any damage but could indicate a serious underlying medical issue. So you have to consult your doctor right away. A thorough medical history will be taken by the physician. Heart tests and blood examination have to be undertaken if rheumatic fever or strep throat is suspected. In case of inherited angioedema, a blood test may be advised by your physician. A blood test would be able to predict if c1 inhibitor is decreased, which is the causative factor of this disease. Treatment of erythema marginatum rash Erythema marginatum rash does not need any treatment and fades out on its own Usually no such treatment is required for erythema marginatum. The rash usually dies it’s own slow death. If there is any other medical problem then take treatment for it. If you suffer from Rheumatic fever, then take antibiotics to fight infection: salicylates for arthritic symptoms corticosteroids for heart ailments Inherited angioedema is managed by giving Cinryze or icatibant (Firazyr) to the patient. Lymes disease can be managed by consuming with antibiotics. erythema marginatum rash is not very prevalent in the developed nations like the united states. There several other rashes that look like it and should be differentiated from erythema marginatum. Your doctor will check you thoroughly and give you the diagnosis. One of the conditions like rheumatic fever can show erythema marginatum rash as its symptom. But if you seem to develop angioedema then that’s a very serious attack. Conclusion Erythema mutliforme is pinkish red in color and occurs on abdomen, upper and lower limbs. It would fade on its own in few hours, days or even longer. is not a disease per se but could be occurring due to some disease like rheumatic fever etc. Your doctor will be able to diagnose and treat it better. Its occurrence is rare in the more developed nations. No treatment for it exists as such. But this rash could be associated with angioedema and an immediate form of treatment might be required for this.

Lungs are very important organs in the human body. It is because of them that we are able to breathe freely without any restraint. Any problem in their work is bound to give us a hard time. There are many lung diseases that an individual can either develop due to genetics or can contract from the environment around. However, many of the lung conditions are a direct result of engaging in bad habits like smoking, and drinking. Lung abscess refers to a cavity that forms in a person’s lungs that is filled with pus. It is caused by bacterial, fungi, and parasitic infections. There are two types of lung abscess, primary, which occurs in an area that is affected with pneumonia or other similar lung infections, and secondary, where bacteria from a different body part spreads to the lung abscess x ray is what helps doctors to diagnose this condition and then create a suitable treatment plan. What Are Lung Abscess Symptoms ? Woman checking fever, Credit: Canva There are lots of initial signs and symptoms of lung abscess that can be detected and identified at the beginning stages.lung abscesses can be categorized into Acute lung abscess, that has a duration of one and a half months Chronic lung abscess, that has a longer duration Symptoms of this condition are: Fever which can be pointed out as one of the most common and early signs of this disease. A heavy amount of sweating that happens in the night. It is called night sweats. This sweating can also happen during the afternoon time period. Persistent cough which makes its appearance as a dry cough in the beginning but later on becomes production (cough with the presence of phlegm) Pain that is experienced while breathing. This kind of pain deteriorates while one is breathing deeply. Hemoptysis or coughing that is accompanied by blood. It is observed in those people suffering from the later stages of this disease. Shortness of breath Rapid and sudden weight loss An intense feeling of tiredness or fatigue What Are Lung Abscess Causes? virus illustration, Credit: Canva Lung abscesses of the primary variety have many causes. Their causes are: Lung disease infection inside your lungs, for example, pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia is particularly linked to this disease and can prove dangerous if left untreated. Tumors, ie. Cancer may also lead to the occurrence of this condition in quite a few individuals. In a tumor, the passage of the airways is obstructed. It leads to pneumonia which then turns to lung abscess. Lung conditions like bronchiectasis, lung contusion or bruises, and cystic fibrosis, all can lead to lung abscesses. Causes of lung abscess that is secondary in nature are: Infective material’s aspiration from the person’s mouth and or upper airways. Septic emboli, or an infection that spreads from the bloodstream into the lungs. It does so through the medium of thrombophlebitis,i.e. A damaged heart valve which is situated on the right side of a person’s heart. Secondary lung abscess can also occur as a result of an infection that penetrates the lungs from the surrounding regions like esophagus. How Is Lung Abscess Diagnosed? Lung abscess is diagnosed on the basis of the symptoms that a person exhibits like a dull sounding bronchial breath and fever. They can use the following methods of diagnosis. Chest x-ray Analysis of bacteria 1.   Chest x-ray lung xray, Credit: Canva Chest x-rays may display traces of pneumonia, without the abscess. But, lung abscess ct can help doctors to determine and evaluate this condition. It is especially useful in the case of children. CT scan is also very effective in differentiating lung abscess from other conditions like lung empyema, that requires different lines of treatment. 2.   Analysis of Bacteria Doctor checking a sample, Credit: Canva Doctors often take a sample and evaluate the bacteria that is present in it. Through aspiration at the time of bronchoscopy,  samples are obtained which help the doctors to determine the bacteria. Differential diagnosis of lung abscess relates to other conditions that cause cavitation in the lungs. These conditions are empyema, which appears as a cavity with a biconvex shape Tuberculosis Pulmonary infarct or the area where a cell death due to lack of blood circulation has occurred. Cavitary lesions due to lung cancer Fungal infections Is There Any Lung Abscess Treatment? bottle and tablets, Credit: Canva The first line of treatment for this treatment is the usage of antibiotics. The person may need to continue the course of antibiotics for a long period of time. Along with it, the patients also need to follow a lifestyle that is devoid of smoking. They also need to drink plenty of fluids. Antibiotics work to kill the bacteria present in the abscess. Antibiotics are effective in treating 80 percent of the abscess. But sometimes, they do not show any improvement. In such cases, postural drainage is done. It is done through a needle that is put inside the chest into the abscess. When the abscess does not subside even after antibiotics and drainage, then surgery is seen as the last resort. These procedures are called segmentectomy or lumpectomy. In this procedure, the abscess as well as some of the tissue that surrounds it is removed. Usually it is done for large abscesses.

The realm of medicine is very wide. There are a range of medical professionals in this field who diagnose and help patients get relief from a number of health conditions. One such medical profession is that of rheumatology. It would not have taken you long to guess who can be a rheumatologist. They are those professionals who spend their lives diagnosing and treating various kinds of conditions that primarily impact the joints, ligaments, tendons, bones, and muscles of people. Today, people are increasingly facing joint and muscle related issues. A warning sign that may make you aware of the need of seeing a rheumatologist is continuous joint pain or stiffness over a period of time. It is your body’s way of telling you that there is a certain underlying disorder that is affecting the optimal working of joints, tendons, and ligaments that you may need to address. Who Is a Rheumatologist? Rheumatologist treating patient, Credit: Canva As mentioned above, rheumatologist refers to a doctor who specifically concerns themselves with the treatment of various inflammatory conditions affecting the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints. These conditions are called musculoskeletal disorders. As part of their work, rheumatologists diagnose and treat them but they do not engage themselves  in performing surgeries. You might wonder how long it takes for a rheumatologist after completing their education to start treating patients. Well, for one to go into this field, they must graduate from a medical college, after that pursue a residency program, and then engage in rheumatology fellowship. It is only after the fellowship that the person can sit for a board examination to receive a certificate that makes them qualified to practice rheumatology. Throughout their career, a rheumatologist has to keep themselves updated with all that is happening in their  field and keep participating in various education courses. What Are the Branches in the Field of Rheumatology? Picture showing rheumatology areas, Credit: Canva There are various rheumatic conditions. A rheumatologist can decide if he or she wants to treat some particular conditions or focus on a specialised area. There are various subspecialties in this field. These sub specialties include: Non-inflammatory conditions of the joint that are degenerative Inflammatory rheumatic conditions Inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic conditions Diseases pertaining to the soft tissues Chronic and persistent pain Metabolic disorders affecting primarily the bones of a person Juvenile or pediatric rheumatic conditions Conditions That Are Diagnosed and Treated by Rheumatologists X-ray of legs, Credit: Canva A wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders that impact the bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons and blood vessels are diagnosed and treated by a rheumatologist. These are the following conditions: Inflammatory arthritis that affects the shoulders, hips, and knees Injury or inflammation of the tendon, also known as a tendonitis An autoimmune disease, that is, rheumatoid arthritis which causes swelling in the joint area The wear-and-tear of the tissue that is present at the bone ending, also called osteoarthritis. Decrease in the density of the bone, also called osteoporosis Lupus, or systemic lupus erythematosus Abnormal bone formation, also called Paget’s disease What Kind of Diagnostic Procedures Does a Rheumatologist Follow? There are three kinds of procedures that a rheumatologist use to diagnose and treat their patients. They are: Physical exams Diagnostic testing Imaging tests Laboratory testing 1.   Physical Exams Rheumatologists treating patient, Credit: Canva If you are going to a rheumatologist for the first time, he or she will conduct your full physical exam. They will check your pulse rate, hear the beat of your heart and the sound of your lungs and feel those lymph nodes that may be swollen. You might be asked to bend, flex, or stretch those areas where you feel pain. Apart from this, they will also ask for your medical history and inquire about any conditions you might be suffering from. 2.   Diagnostic Testing Doctor holding injection, Credit: Canva All the musculoskeletal conditions are diagnosed by rheumatologists with the help of diagnostic testing. This testing is done to determine the causes of a patient’s symptoms. The causes of swelling and inflammation include the following: Exposure to environment elements Genetics Infections Autoimmune conditions Unusual uric acid metabolism Many conditions lead to cartilage or bone loss. A rheumatologist can, through diagnostic testing, identify these conditions too. 3.   Imaging Tests An Imaging test in progress, Credit: Canva Imaging tests are done to determine signs and symptoms of damage in the joints. Some of the most common imaging tests include X-rays, MRI scan, CT scan, and ultrasound. 4.   Laboratory Testing Rheumatologists in a lab, Credit: Canva A rheumatologist also undertakes laboratory testing to find out the causes for inflammation and other kinds of infections. During laboratory testing, you may be asked to provide a sample of your urine, blood, or joint fluid. These are then further analysed. The results from these tests are interpreted by a rheumatologist to determine the presence of more than usual levels of antibodies, inflammatory elements, or white blood cells. Through the test results, rheumatologists can also find out if you are genetically prone to developing autoimmune conditions. There are various ways by which a rheumatologist can treat your joint, bones, or muscle conditions. You may be injected with a medication with anti-inflammatory properties like a steroid or you may be prescribed an anti-rheumatic drug. A rheumatologist, through these treatments, helps to lower your immune system activity that is causing the spread of these conditions. There are various anti-inflammatory drugs that you may be recommended by a rheumatologist  in your treatment plan. Some of the most common ones include ibuprofen, aspirin, meloxicam, naproxen, among others. Thus, ultimately, after your treatment you will be freed from any joint inflammation condition.